Dedicated scopes designed for UI Elements

We have designed a set of scopes that work seamlessly with the UI Elements. While token exchange works with all Box scopes, we recommend using these scopes along with UI Elements since they include the exact set of permissions required for base functionality as well as incremental permissions for added functionality.

Developer Flow

Now that you understand the different scopes, let's walk through a scenario for using Token Exchange with a UI Element.

Scenario: Provide a user with the ability to browse a folder tree using the Box Content Explorer UI Element and allow them to preview and download files. Sharing should be turned off.

Steps:

• Create a Managed User, App User or Service Account depending on your use case. You will use this user or application's token as the parent token for Token Exchange. To generate the user token follow:
  • Authentication with OAuth guide if you would like to create a Managed User
  • Authentication with JWT guide if you would like to create an App User or Service Account
• Add the user you created above as a Collaborator to the content using the Create Collaborator API as shown below. This step gives the user access to the content if not already under the user's account. If the file/folder was created under this user's account, then the user by default has "Owner" access to the folder so you can skip the collaboration step.

curl https://api.box.com/2.0/collaborations \
    -H "authorization: Bearer [ACCESS_TOKEN]" \
    -d '{"item": { "id": "123456", "type": "folder"}, "accessible_by": { "id": "USER_ID", "type": "user" }, "role": "editor"}' \
    -X POST

• Use the Token Exchange API to exchange the parent token for a child token that contains the base scope for Content Explorer (base_explorer), item_download and item_preview scopes enabled for the specific folder_id 123456. We strongly recommend performing this step on the application server.

Request

curl https://api.box.com/oauth2/token \
  -d 'subject_token=ACCESS_TOKEN' \
  -d 'subject_token_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:access_token' \
  -d 'scope=item_upload item_preview base_explorer' \
  -d 'resource=https://api.box.com/2.0/folders/123456' \
  -d 'grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:token-exchange' \
  -X POST

Response

{
  "access_token": "CHILD_TOKEN",
  "expires_in": 4247,
  "token_type": "bearer",
  "restricted_to": [
    {
      "scope": "base_explorer",
      "object": {
        "type": "folder",
        "id": "123456",
        "sequence_id": "0",
        "etag": "0",
        "name": "FOLDER_NAME"
      }
    },
    {
      "scope": "item_download",
      "object": {
        "type": "folder",
        "id": "123456",
        "sequence_id": "0",
        "etag": "0",
        "name": "FOLDER_NAME"
      }
    },
    {
      "scope": "item_preview",
      "object": {
        "type": "folder",
        "id": "123456",
        "sequence_id": "0",
        "etag": "0",
        "name": "FOLDER_NAME"
      }
    }
  ],
  "issued_token_type": "urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:access_token"
}

The CHILD_TOKEN obtained above is scoped down to only include download and preview permissions for folder id 123456 and its children.

Use this CHILD_TOKEN in your Content Explorer UI Element. To see a quick demo, you can use our Content Explorer UI Element CodePen Sample and replace the access token and folder id values in the JS Tab.

Click "Run". You should see the Content Explorer initialized at the folder you specified. Also, notice that your Content Explorer no longer shows the "Share" button as it would have with the parent (user) token.

When NOT to use Token Exchange

• Does not replace Users or Groups in Box: We recommend not using Token Exchange as a replacement to creating users in Box. One way to determine whether you should create Box users, is by doing an assessment to determine if it makes logical sense for every end user of your application to have a copy of their own content. Here are some benefits of maintaining user level accounts in Box, which you wouldn't get by using Token Exchange alone.
  • Content isolation/security: It's better to have user level accounts since in the case of the parent token accidentally leaking, you would only be compromising the content of a single user vs. all users of your enterprise.
  • Performance: Creating users/groups in Box is also useful as your application does not have to determine the appropriate permissions at the time of accessing content since that is likely to affect the performance of your application.
  • User level tracking/auditing: Several Box features such as auditing, access stats, retention, etc. leverage Box's user model. If it is essential for you to use those features for you then you would have to create user-level accounts.
• Does not replace Collaborations in Box: Collaborations is a more standard and easier to scale way to provide Box users with access to content. Also, managing content access through collaborations in Box requires your application to manage lesser code/data on which user should have access to what content. If you are using Token Exchange as a replacement to Collaborations, you will need to keep a mapping of every user -> every file and folder that they should have access to and that could get out of control pretty quickly.
• Caching the downscoped tokens: If performance is critical to your application, you should pre-cache downscoped tokens on the server side. If you are pre-caching tokens, we recommend implementing retries as the tokens expire within 1 hour.

Example Scenarios

Scenario #1: More secure client API calls

An equity-investment firm is building out a partner/investor portal to broadcast information (view-only access) to investors published by the employees.

They create app users for each of their external customers and employees have provisioned Box accounts which they used to publish content. All app users are collaborated on published content as Viewer Uploader, so they can both preview as well as upload content in their account as needed. Once an investor/partner signs in they are taken to a portal where they can view as well as upload information.

Since both preview and upload require the API calls to be made via the client, instead of passing down a “Viewer Uploader” token, the application uses Token Exchange to downscope the token appropriately based on the action that the user is trying to perform. This ensures that if the token is compromised, data leakage is minimized thereby improving the overall security posture of the application.

Scenario #2: A custom permissions model

A large fin-tech company is building a secure client vault to manage investments for their clients. They are also using Box UI Elements to build out the content management front end of their application.

They create app users as usual for each one of their clients and app advisors. When they wanted to share content across app users, they collaborate the app user(s) as "Editor" role (Box's role). This guarantees that every app user had full access to every other user’s content.

To enable a user to access content via the UI Elements, the application does not provide the app user token to the client directly as the app user may be collaborated as an "Editor" into other user's content (highly privileged). Instead, it uses Token Exchange using the app user token to generate a downscoped token that limits:

• the scope of what the token can be used for (view, upload, download, browse, share, etc.) and/or
• the specific files that the user should have access to

Scenario #3: Process Flows

A not-for-profit union bank is developing a loan processing application using Box's secure content layer to facilitate the sharing of documents between loan applicants and internal users (loan processors and underwriters). The basic process is as follows:

• When customers apply for a loan they must submit documents through a custom-built web portal as a part of the process (proof of income, identity etc.)
• Box is used as the intermediary for sending/receiving docs
• Internal employees need to upload files for customers
• Internal employees can access documents through a custom web portal as well as Box Web app

The application developers used Token Exchange along with UI Elements to build out a loan process management solution, where the application server downscopes the loan application's app user token based on which operations the client needs to perform, and passes it down to the clients (customers and loan officers). Using these downscoped tokens, the UI Elements are able to show the right controls/buttons to indicate to the user which actions they can perform (example: upload button is grayed out from the content explorer UI Elements if the downscoped token passed doesn't contain upload permissions).

Scenario #4: Transactional Flows

A Learning Management System provider is using Box Platform to power preview in their application. All users and associated permissions are managed by the application outside Box. From Box's perspective, all API calls made by the application are on its own behalf (any not any individual user), and all content stored and previewed belongs to the application and not to a single user. In this case, the application developer is using a sliver of Box's overall capabilities (for example Preview) transactionally and none of the other secure content sharing and collaboration capabilities. In fact, this is a key use case for many customers.

Consider a straightforward use case of the application - the end user needs to upload a file and then preview it in the application itself. To do this the application is using the Content Uploader and Content Preview UI Elements, respectively. Since both preview + upload are bandwidth heavy operations, the application should not proxy the traffic and instead allow the client to perform these operations directly against Box. To make calls against Box, all UI Elements require a valid access token to be available on the client. But the application should never pass down the privileged "service account" token to the client which would give the client access to all content ever uploaded through the application. Instead, the application uses Token Exchange to down-scope it's service account token to an upload-only token to allow the client to upload files via the Upload UI Element, and a separate preview-only token to let the client preview via the Preview UI Element.

Anti-patterns

These anti-patterns have been included here to help you identify patterns that we do not recommend as they will either make your app development more challenging, your application less secure or performing or both. If you find yourself implementing any of these patterns on your app, please reach out to us via Box support so we can help you out.

Passing privileged tokens to client

Please NEVER DO THIS. This can potentially compromise the security of content in your Box enterprise. Always use token exchange to provide end users with the exact set of permissions.

Proxying/filtering API responses

If you are proxying/filtering API responses from Box only to limit data/content exposure to the client, you should try to see if using Token Exchange allows you to limit the exposure. This is especially true for high-bandwidth operations such as preview, download, and upload which are bandwidth intensive and so we recommend that the client performs those operations directly with Box.